What is Centrifugal Pump?
A centrifugal pump is a type of rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase fluid pressure. Centrifugal pumps are extensively employed in piping systems to transfer liquids. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near the rotational axis and is accelerated by the impeller before flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing) and exiting into the downstream pipe system. Centrifugal pumps are used to deliver huge amounts of water through small openings.
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Who invented/ Introduced Centrifugal Pump?
According to Reti, a Brazilian military and scientific historian, the earliest machine that might be described as a centrifugal pump existed as early as 1475 in a dissertation by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini. True centrifugal pumps were not invented until the late 17th century by Denis Papin, who created one with straight vanes. In 1851, British inventor John Appold invented the bent vane.
How does Centrifugal Pump Work?
A centrifugal pump, like most pumps, converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy of a moving fluid; some of the energy is converted into kinetic energy of fluid motion, and some into potential energy, which is represented by a fluid pressure or by lifting the fluid against gravity to a higher level.
The transfer of energy from the mechanical rotation of the impeller to fluid motion and pressure is commonly described in terms of centrifugal force, particularly in older sources written before the modern concept of centrifugal force as a fictitious force in a rotating reference frame was well articulated. The concept of centrifugal force is not required to describe the operation of a centrifugal pump.
The majority of the energy conversion in a contemporary centrifugal pump is attributable to the outward force imparted on the fluid by curved impeller blades.
Vertical Centrifugal Pump:
Vertical centrifugal pumps, often known as cantilever pumps, are a type of centrifugal pump. They use a one-of-a-kind shaft and bearing support design that permits the volute to hang in the sump while the bearings are outside. This type of pump does not employ a stuffing box to seal the shaft, but rather a "throttle Bushing." A parts washer is a popular use for this type of pump.
Multistage centrifugal pumps:
A multistage centrifugal pump is one that has two or more impellers. The impellers can be installed on the same or separate shafts.
If we require more pressure at the exit, we can connect the impellers in series.
If we need more flow, we can connect impellers in parallel.
The power of the electric or other motor force driving the impeller adds all of the energy to the fluid.
What are the Problems with centrifugal pumps ?
- Cavitation—the system's NPSH is too low for the specified pump
- Impeller wear—can be exacerbated by suspended solids
- Corrosion inside the pump owing to fluid characteristics
- Overheating due to poor flow
- Leakage along rotating shaft
- Lack of prime—centrifugal pumps must be primed (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to operate
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