Important questions and answers for steam turbine

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1. What is a stage in a steam turbine? 

• In an impulse turbine, the stage is a set of moving blades behind the nozzle. In a reaction turbine, each row of blades is called a "stage." A single Curtis stage may consist of two or more rows of moving blades.

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2. What is a diaphragm? 

• Partitions between pressure stages in a turbine's casing are called diaphragms. They hold the vane-shaped nozzles and seals between the stages. Usually labyrinth-type seals are used. One-half of the diaphragm is fitted into the top of the casing, the other half into the bottom.

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3. What are four types of turbine seals? 

1. Carbon rings fitted in segments around the shaft and held together by garter or retainer springs. 
2. Labyrinth mated with shaft serration’s or shaft seal strips. 
3. Water seals where a shaft runner acts as a pump to create a ring of water around the shaft. Use only treated water to avoid shaft pitting. 
4. Stuffing box using woven or soft packing rings that are compressed with a gland to prevent leakage along the shaft.

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